O. Kazakevych, PhD in History

National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2017.133.2.04

UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY OF THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ELITE OF UKRAINE (THE LATE 19 – EARLY 20TH CC.)

The article discusses the problem of national identity and linguistic consciousness of the Ukrainian social and economic elite in turn of the 19-20 cc. In contrast to the widespread opinion, the author states that a lot of the Ukrainian entrepreneurs and rich landowners were deeply involved in the process of the Ukrainian nation building. They shared the Ukrainian identity and promoted the usage of the Ukrainian language. Some of them, including O. Alchevskyi, V. Symyrenko, E. Miloradovych, H. Galagan, E. Chykalenko, belonged to the upper class of the Ukrainian society and invested large sums of money into the development of the Ukrainian studies and teaching in Ukrainian language in both Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. Their financial support potentiated the activity of Ukrainian research, literary and artistic societies, including the Kyiv Hromada, Prosvita, South-Western branch of the Russian Geographical society, Shevchenko Scientific Society, publishing the Ukrainian journals and newspapers “Osnova”, “Kievskaya Starina”, “Hromada”, “Literaturno-naukovyi visnyk”, “Hromadska dumka”, “Rada” etc. In conclusion it is stated that during the late 19 – early 20th cc. the financial support provided by the social and economic elite was critically important for the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation.

Key words: social and economic elite, bourgeoisie, Ukrainian language, identity, linguistic consciousness, nation-building.

References

1. Arkhivni naukovi fondy rukopysiv ta fonozapysiv Instytutu mystetstvoznavstva, folklorystyky ta etnolohiyi im. M. T. Rylskoho, fond 24-2, sprava 101.

2. ALTER, P. (2006) Natsiia: problema vyznachennya. In: Protsenko, O, Lisovyi, V. (eds.) Natsionalizm: Teorii natsii ta natsionalizmu vid Yohana Fikhte do Ernsta Helnera. Antolohiya. 2nd ed. Kyiv: Smoloskyp, pp. 273-282.

3. BILOTSERKIVSKA, H. (2007) Vasyl Fedorovych Symyrenko – metsenat ukrainskoi kultury. Bibliotechnyi visnyk. 3, pp. 35-38.

4. BOIKO, Yu. O. (2014) Yevhen Chykalenko – vydavets pershoi ukrainomovnoi shchodennoi hazety “Rada”. Rukopysna ta knyzhkova spadshchyna Ukrainy: Arkheohrafichni doslidzhennia unikalnykh arkhivnykh ta bibliotechnykh fondiv. 8, pp 497- 512.

5. DONIK, O. M. (2008) Kupetstvo Ukrainy v imperskomu prostori (XIX st.). Kyiv: Instytut istorii NAN Ukrainy.

6. YEKELCHYK, S. (2010) Svit ukrainskykh patriotiv druhoi polovyny XIX stolittia. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo “K.I.S.”

7. ZHYTETSKYI, I. (1928) Kyivska hromada za 60-kh rokiv. Ukraina. 1, pp. 90-125.

8. ZHURBA, H. (1989) Dalekyi svit (Uryvok). In: Lutskyi, Yu. (ed.) Sami pro sebe: Avtobiohrafii vydatnykh ukraintsiv XIX-ho stolittia. New York: Vydannia Vilnoi Akademii Nauk u SShA, pp. 257-259.

9. KAZAKEVYCH, O. (2006) Rodyna Alchevskykh v ukrainskomu natsionalnomu rusi. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zbirnyk. 9, pp. 145-156.

10. KARPENKO, V. V. (2011) Sklad i zmist rodynnoho fondu Symyrenkiv: naukove i praktychne znachennia. Istorychnyi arkhiv. Naukovi studii. 7, pp. 97-102.

11. KISTIAKIVSKYI, O. F. (1995) Shсhodennyk (1874 – 1885): [in 2 vol.]. Vol. 2: 1880 – 1885. Kyiv: Naukova dumka.

12. KOVALENKO, O. O. (2009) H. Myloradovych i chasopys “Chernigovskij listok”. In: Literatura ta kultura Polissia: zbirnyk naukovykh prats. Vol. 51: Rehionalna istoria ta kultura XVII – XX st.: suchasnyi pohlyad na problemy ta osoby, pp. 59-67.

13. KONYSKYI, O (1974) Iz spohadiv staroho poltavtsia. Moloda Ukraina. 225, pp. 12-13.

14. KONONENKO, S. I. (2000) Fond rodu Symyrenkiv Derzharkhivu Cherkaskoi oblasti. Arkhivy Ukrainy.1-3, pp. 50-54.

15. KRYZHANIVSKA, T. (2009) Panteleimon Kulish – pershoriadna zirka ukrainskoi kultury: pysmennyk, vydavets, redactor. Visnyk knyzhkovoi palaty. 8, pp. 37-39.

16. LEONTOVYCH, V. (1994) Rodyna Symyrenkiv. Kyivska starovyna. 4, pp. 15-23.

17. LINDNER, R. (2008) Pidpryiemtsi i misto v Ukraini, 1860 – 1914 rr. Industrializatsiia i sotsialna komunikatsiia na Pivdni Rosiiskoi imperii. Kyiv, Donetsk: Promin.

18. NIKOLAIEVA, T. M. (2014) Osoblyvosti natsionalno-kulturnoi ta dobrochynnoi diialnosti ukrainskykh pidpryiemtsiv u druhii polovyni XIX – pochatku XX st. Istoryko-politychni studiyi, pp. 47-56.

19. PALIIENKO, M. S. (2005) “Kievskaya starina” u hromadskomu ta naukovomu zhytti Ukrainy (kinets XIX – pochatok XX st.). Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo “Tempora”.

20. TROJNYTSKYJ, N. A. (1904) Pervaya vseobshhaya perepys’ naseleniya Rossijskoj imperii 1897 g. Vol. XXXIII: Poltavskaya huberniya. Saint Petersburg: Tsentral’nyj Statisticheskij komitet Ministerstva vnutrennikh del.

21. PETRENKO, I. (2015) DiIalnist Yelyzavety Myloradovych (1832 – 1890) u konteksti ukrainskoho natsionalnoho vidrodzhennia. Ukrainoznavchyi almanakh. 18, pp. 201-205.

22. PETRENKO, I. M. (2013) Yelyzaveta Myloradovych (1832 – 1890) v ukrainskomu suspilno-politychnomu rusi. Poltava: PUET.

23. POKYDCHENKO, L. A. (2012) Dokumenty z istorii rodyny Kharytonenkiv u Derzhavnomu arkhivi Sumskoyi oblasti. In: Materialy istoryko-kraieznavchoi konferentsii do 190-richchia z dnia narodzhennia I. H. Kharytonenka. Sumy: DVNZ “UABS”, pp. 62-69.

24. PCHILKA, O. (2011) “Zoloti dni zolotoho dytyachoho viku ...”: avtobiohrafichnyi narys. Kyiv: Veselka.

25. PCHILKA, O. (2003) Mykola Lysenko: Zhyttia i pratsia (Spohady i dumky). In: Lashchenko, A. P. (ed.) Mykola Lysenko u spohadakh suchasnykiv: [in 2 vol.]. Kyiv: Muzychna Ukraina. Vol. 1, pp. 64-140.

26. PCHILKA, O. (2003) Mykola Lysenko. Spohady i dumky. In: Lashchenko, A. P. (ed.) Mykola Lysenko u spohadakh suchasnykiv: [in 2 vol.]. Kyiv: Muzychna Ukraina. Vol. 1, pp. 40-63.

27. ANON (1999) Rozpodil naselennia Ukrainy za movnymy hrupamy ta zaniattiamy [Tabl.]; Pytoma vaha okremykh etnosiv u sotsialnii strukturi naselennia Ukraiiny [Tabl.]. In: Sarbej, V. H. (ed.) “Ukrainske pytannia” v Rosiiskii imperii (kinets XIX – pochatok XX st.): kolektyvna naukova monohrafia: [in 3 vol.]. Vol. 1. Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy.

28. RUSOVA, S. (2004) Memuary. Shchodennyk. Kyiv: Polihrafknyha.

29. SAVCHENKO, F. (1930) Zaborona ukrainstva 1876 r. Kharkiv; Kyiv: Derzhavne vydavnytstvo.

30. STAROVOITENKO, I. M. (2010) Rodyna Chykalenkiv u hromadsko-kulturnomu zhytti Ukrainy. Ukrainska biohrafistyka. 7, pp. 263-278.

31. SUROVTSEVA, I. Yu. (20010 Do pytannia pro finansove zabezpechennia ukrainskoho natsionalnoho vidrodzhennia. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu im. V. N. Karazina. 504: Istoriia Ukrainy, pp. 75-83.

32. SUROVTSEVA, I. Yu. (2006) Metsenatstvo v Ukraini druhoi polovyny XIX – pochatku XX st. Abstract of unpublished thesis (PhD). Donetskyi natsionalnyi universytet. Donetsk.

33. TYMOSHENKO, A. (2007) Metsenatstvo i blahodiina diialnist H. P. Galagana. Skarbnytsia ukrainskoi kultury: Zbirnyk naukovykh prats. 8, pp. 274-277.

34. TOBILEVYCH, S. (1956) Moi stezhky i zustrichi. Kyiv: Derzhavne vydavnytstvo obrazotvorchoho mystetstva i muzychnoi literatury URSR.

35. FERCHUK, A. M. (2015) Vasyl Symyrenko: pidpryiemets, vynakhidnyk, metsenat. Vynakhidnyk i ratsionalizator. 3, pp. 54-57.

36. FILIPPOVYCH, V. (2010) Zhyttievyi shliakh ta kulturno-prosvitnytska diialnist Yelyzavety Myloradovych. Pedahohichni nauky: Zbirnyk naukovykh prats. 1, pp. 131-136.

37. CHALYJ, M. (1889) Poseshchenie T. G. Shevchenkom sakharnogo zavoda Yakhnenka y Simirenka. Kievskaia starina. 2, pp. 459-464.

38. CHYKALENKO, Ye. (1907) Rozmova pro movu. Kyiv: Drukarnia “Prosveshchenie”.

39. CHYKALENKO, Ye. (2003) Spohady (1861 – 1907). Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo “Tempora”.

40. SHEVELOV, Yu. (1998) Ukrainska mova v pershii polovyni dvadtsiatoho stolittia (1900 – 1941): Stan i status. Chernivtsi: Ruta.

41. SHULTSE, H. (2010) Istoriia Nimechchyny. Kyiv: Vydavnytsvo “Nauka”.