A. Kizlova, PhD in History

National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2017.132.1.04


COMFORTING COMMUNICATION NEAR THE SACRED OBJECTS OF KYIV PECHERSK LAVRA (THE 19TH – THE EARLY 20TH C.)


The article deals with the problem of comforting communication for minds and bodies in the sacred space of Kyiv Pechersk lavra (19th – early 20th c.). We investigate the role of the providing comfort in the conventual ideas and praxises and consider the attempts to improve prayers' physical contact with the sanctuaries. To achieve this goal we start with the analysis the Lavra administration preconceptions of the interest's native to stranger prayers and to sacred objects custodians. We also explore the level of operational comfort provided for the coffin-guardians and the cave guids. A special priority is accorded to the caves-going conditions. The features of the communicatively related disciplinary instructions for brethren (ideals and reality) are traced. As we have found out, the communicative comfort near Lavra sacred objects was important in the context of reliability engineering. The sacred objects keepers were able to forestall crowding, injuries or fire near shrines and icons. Increasing of the pilgrimage and incremental load for brethren promoted betterment work in the cloister. The problem of thefts in the Near and the Far caves as well as in all Lavra seems to be a promising topic for the further studies.

Keywords: Kyiv Pechersk lavra, 19th – early 20th c., communication, comfort, sacred object, prayer, brethren.

References

1. Tsentralnyi derzavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv Ukrainy, Kyiv, fond 127, opys 768, sprava 185, 6 arkushiv.

2. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zah., sprava 1236, 17 arkushiv.

3. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zah., sprava 1682, 4 arkushy.

4. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zah., sprava 1726, 13 arkushiv.

5. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zah., sprava 1809, 8 arkushiv.

6. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zah., sprava 1841, 82 arkushy.

7. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zah., sprava 1942, 94 arkushy.

8. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zah., sprava 2514, 5 arkushiv.

9. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zahalnochern., sprava 768, 5 arkushiv.

10. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zahalnochern., sprava 780, 30 arkushiv.

11. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 zahalnochern., sprava 870, 15 arkushiv.

12. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 KDS, sprava 482, 47 arkushiv.

13. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 chern., sprava 101, 65 arkushiv.

14. Ibid, fond 128, opys 1 chern., sprava 130, 41 arkush.

15. Ibid, fond 169, opys 3, sprava 17, 81 arkush.

16. Fondy Natsionalnoho Kyievo-Pecherskoho istoryko-kulturnoho zapovidnyka, Kyiv, sprava KPL-A 293, 60 arkushiv.

17. Ibid, sprava KPL-A 313, 70 arkushiv.

18. Ibid, sprava KPL-A 360, 182 arkushy.

19. Ibid, sprava KPL-A 1251, 1 arkush.

20. Ibid, sprava KPL-Hr. 2284, litohrafiia.

21. Ibid, sprava KPL-F 10084, foto.

22. Ibid, sprava KPL-F. 12420, foto.

23. ANNENSKIJ, I. (1910) Kievskie peshhery. In: Annenskij, I. Kiparisovyj larec. Vtoraya kniga stikhov (posmertnaya). Moskva: Grif, p. 25.

24. BAHRII, N. A. (1935) Kyievo-Pecherska lavra na sluzhbi ekspluatatoriv. In: Kolyshnia Kyievo-Pecherska lavra na sluzhbi ekspluatatoriv. Kyiv: VMH, pp. 8-30.

25. BELYAEV, P. I. (1909) U velikikh svyatyn': (Iz putevykh zametok). Tambov, Voronezh, Kursk, Chernigov, Kiev, Poltava i Khar'kov. Saratov:

Tipografiya Soyuza pechatnogo dela i prodazhi izdanij.

26. BODYK, O. P., RUDAKOVA, T. M. (2011) Suchasna ukrainska literaturna mova. Leksykolohiia. Frazeolohiia. Leksykohrafiia: Navchalnyi

posibnyk. Kyiv: Tsentr uchbovoi literatury.

27. HEPENER, N. (1930) Pechery Kyivskoi lavry. Kyiv: Proletar.

28. Grobovoj ieromonakh Amfilohij u grobnicy sv. Dimitrija Rostovskogo. XIX v. [Online]. Available from: http://tinyurl.com/jnzo3hj [Accessed 30 January 2017].

29. DENISOV, H. (1931) Utvorennia chudes ta moshchiv u Kyievo-Pecherskii lavri. Kyiv; Kharkiv: Proletarii.

30. DENISOV, H. (1929) Yak fabrykuvalysia chudesa ta moshchi v Kyievo-Pecherskii lavri. Bezvirnyk, 23/24, 11-17.

31. ZAKHARCHENKO, M. M. (ed.) (1888) Kiev teper' i prezhde. Kiev: Izdanie S. V. Kul'zhenko.

32. ANON (1839) Kartiny Rossii i byt raznoplemennykh ee narodov. Iz puteshestvij P. P. Svin'ina. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya I. Grecha.

33. KYSILEVSKA, O. (1955) Po ridnomu kraiu : [zbirka okremykh rozdiliv ta narysiv z bahatokh tvoriv avtora]. Toronto: Dobra knyzhka.

34. KIZLOVA, A. A. (2015) Oblashtuvannia prostoru navkolo moshchei sviatykh u pecherakh Kyievo-Pecherskoi lavry yak sposib komunikatsii z

bohomoltsiamy (kinets XVIII – pershi desiatylittia XX st.). Storinky istorii, 39, 5-19.

35. LESNEVSKYI, Yu. A. (1935) Nevdale shakhraistvo (Istoriia odnykh moshchei). Bezvirnyk, 7, 16-20.

36. LITVINENKO, Ya. V. (2005) Inter'ery lavrskikh peshher i ih genezis. In: Cerkovnye drevnosti: Sbornik materialov ІІІ Mezhdunarodnoj

konfenrencii "Cerkovnaya arheologiya: liturgicheskoe ustrojstvo khramov i voprosy istorii khristianskogo bogosluzheniya" (Sevastopol', 2003). Simferopol': Universum, pp. 350-357.

37. LYTVYNENKO, Ya. V. (2012) Ikonostasy i monumentalnyi zhyvopys lavrskykh pecher. Datuvannia, atrybutsiia, vtraty, ponovlennia.

Lavrskyi almanakh: Kyievo-Pecherska lavra v konteksti ukrainskoi istirii ta kultury, 27 (10), 306-337.

38. LOPUKHINA, E. V. (2013) Ikony prepodobnyh v peshherah – proizvedenija ikonopisnoj masterskoj Kievo-Pecherskoj lavry 1840 – 1850-

kh gg. In: Mohylianski chytannia 2012 roku. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats: Tradytsii pechernykh monstyrskykh kompleksiv v Ukraini ta Skhidnii

Yevropi. Problemy vyvchennia, zberezhennia ta muzeiefikatsii. Kyiv: [s. n.], pp. 272-276.

39. MAZER, K. P. (1999) Obrazy Kyieva seredyny XIX st. [S. l.]: Niustrems.

40. MAMAEV, N. I. (1901) Zapiski: [Lavra i peshhery v 1850-h gg.]. Istoricheskij vestnik, 9, 787-790.

41. NILUS, S. A. (1999) Na beregu Bozhiej reki: [in 3 vol.]. Vol. 1. Moscow: Lestvica; St. Petersburg: Dioptra

42. ANON (1889) O trekh obetah monashestva: devstve, nestyazhanii i poslushanii. 2nd edn. Moscow: Afonskij russkij Pantelejmonov monastyr'.

43. PARFENIJ, inok (1855) Skazanie o stranstvii i puteshestvii po Rossii, Moldavii, Turcii i Svyatoj Zemle: [in 4 vol.]. Vol. 1. Moscow:

Tipografiya A. Semena.

44. PETRENKO, M. Z. (1959) Pravda pro pechery i moshchi Kyievo-Pecherskoi lavry. Kyiv: [s. n.].

45. POLIUSHKO, H. V. (2012) Ihorivska ikona Bozhoi Materi. Istoriia i dolia sviatyni. Kyiv: [s. n.].

46. Raka v inter'ere sobora, obshhij vid. Litografija 1890 goda [Online]. Available from: http://tinyurl.com/h9fm8c8 [Accessed 30 January 2017].

47. Raka s moshhami svjatogo Aleksandra Nevskogo. Foto XIX v. [Online]. Available from: http://www.pravoslavie.ru/4449.html [Accessed 30 January 2017].

48. Raka s moshhami svjatogo Iakova Borovichskogo v Iverskom monastyre do razgrableniya bol'shevikami [Online]. Available from:

http://tinyurl.com/zrh5azs [Accessed 30 January 2017].

49. Raka svt. Iony, mitr. Kievskogo i vseja Rusi, v Uspenskom sobore Moskovskogo Kremlja. Fotografija. Nach. XX v. [Online]. Available from:

http://www.pravenc.ru/text/578250.html [Accessed 30 January 2017].

50. Raka Svjatitelja Mitrofana v Blagoveshhenskom sobore Mitrofanovskogo monastyrja [Online]. Available from: http://www.vob.ru/saints/svt/svt_mitrofan/11.htm [Accessed 30 January 2017].

51. Svjato-Troickij sobor, foto iz al'boma 1874 g. [Online]. Available from: http://tinyurl.com/z54h8lz [Accessed 30 January 2017].

52. ANON (1859) Svjatye peshhery Kievo-Pecherskoj lavry. Russkij khudozhestvennyj listok, 25, 79.

53. SKULENKO, I. (1930) Moshchi i myrotochyvi holovy Kyievo-Pecherskoi lavry. Kharkiv; Kyiv: Derzhavne vydavnytsvo Ukrainy.

54. STEPOVYK, D. V. (2001) Istoriia Kyievo-Pecherskoi lavry. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi viddil Ukrainskoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvy Kyivskoho Patriarkhatu.

55. TOLSTOJ, L. N. (2007) Vojna i mir: [in 4 vol.]. Vol. 1. Moscow: Intrejd Korporejshen

56. SHEROCKIJ, K. V. (1917) Kiev. Putevoditel'. Kiev: V. S. Kul'zhenko.

57. SHYDENKO, V. (1957) Pechery ta moshchi Kyievo-Pecherskoi lavry. Kyiv: [s. n.].

58. SHULHA, Ya. M. (2015) Palomnytstvo do kyivskykh pravoslavnykh sviatyn u XVIII st.: sotsioantropolohichnyi vymir. Unpublished thesis (PhD), Kyivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Tarasa Shevchenka, Kyiv.

59. SHHEPANSKAYA, T. B. (1995) Krizisnaya set' (tradicii duhovnogo osvoeniya prostranstva). In: Bernshtam, T. A. (ed.) Russkij Sever: K probleme lokalnykh grupp. St. Petersburg: MAE, pp. 110-176.