V. Mordvintsev, Dr. Habil. (History), Professor
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
I. Irchak, Master’s student
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.150.3
THE STATE OF THE CONVENTS OF THE KYIV VICEREGENCY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SECULARIZATION REFORM OF 1786-1788
The article deals with the changes that happened to convents of the Kyiv viceregency during the period of 1786 – early 19th century caused by the secularization reform.
The authors engaged archival materials, collections of legislative acts, statistical information and previous scientific researches, which allowed comparing and analyzing the characteristics of 5 monasteries of the Kyiv viceregency before and after the reform of 1786-1788.
Particular attention is paid to the economic state: methods of earning income before and after secularization, the number of nuns and dependent peasants, the established amount of emolument were described. The article mentions the difficulties faced by the monasteries that remained after the reform and the reasons for their closure and resettlement. It was found that frequent problems for the monasteries were the emergency condition of the buildings, the lack of money for repair work and the unprofitability of keeping a small number of nuns in different monasteries.
Attention is drawn to the position of nuns of closed convents: the establishment of special monasteries (in the Kyiv governorate it was Jordanskiy Mykolaivskiy convent) and ways of earning additional income, the establishment of payments from the treasury were mentioned. The characteristics of the Florivsky convent, which was the only first-class convent in the Kyiv viceregency and one of the two monasteries left at the beginning of the 19th century, are given.
The authors concluded that one of the main reasons that could improve the financial situation of the monastery was its authority in the Russian Empire, ability to attract new pilgrims and donations.
Key words: Left Bank Ukraine, monasteries, female monkhood, Kyiv, secularization, gender history.
Submitted: 21.09.2021
Download Full Text
References:
1. Central State Historical Archive in Kyiv, Ukraine, fund 59, list 1, file 5458, sheets 1-2.
2. Central State Historical Archive in Kyiv, Ukraine, fund 59, list 1, file 5740, sheets 1-7.
3. Archival excerpts for the history of the Chernigov diocese. (1887). Chernigov diocesan news, 1, 9-19. [In Russian].
4. Denisov L. (1908). Orthodox monasteries of the Russian Empire. Moscow: Publisher A. D. Stupin. [In Russian].
5. Zverinskiy, V. (1890). Material for historical and topographical research on Orthodox monasteries in the Russian Empire. Vol. 1: Transformation of old and establishment of new monasteries from 1764 to July, 1, 1795. St. Petersburg: V. Bezobrazov Publishing. [In Russian].
6. Kozyuba,V. & Popelnitska, O. (2004). Mykolaivsky Jordanian Monastery of Kyiv (stages of history). Sacral buildings at the life of the society: history and life. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference “Sofia Readings”, November 2005. Kyiv: [s. n.]. Pp. 158-164. [In Ukrainian].
7. Kryzhanovska, О. (2001). Kyiv-Florivsky (Voznesensky) monastery in documents and materials of the 16th – early 20th centuries. Kyiv: Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. [In Ukrainian].
8. Laskarevska, T. (2008). Kyiv convents of the 17th – 18th centuries: Historical and architectural research. Art culture. Actual problems, 5, 277-302. [In Ukrainian].
9. Laskarevska, Т. (2007). The lost monument of Ukrainian culture (Kyiv-Voznesensky monastery in the 17th – 18th centuries in the Pechersk town). Art culture. Actual problems, 4, 671-681. [In Ukrainian].
10. Malizhenovskiy, N. (2010). Kyiv Florovskiy (Voznesenskiy) convent. Kyiv: Phoenix. [In Russian].
11. Mordvintsev, V. (1997). Russian autocracy and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the late 17th – 18th centuries. Kyiv: Kyiv University. [In Ukrainian].
12. Mordvintsev, V. (1999). Church patrimonial economy and secularization reform in the Left-Bank Ukraine in the 18th century. Unpublished thesis (Dr. habil. History), Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. [In Russian].
13. Bolotova, G. et al. (Eds.). (1989). Descriptions of the Kyiv governorate of the 1770-1780’s. Kyiv: Scientific Thought. [In Ukrainian].
14. Panko, S. (2018). Kozeletsky Bogoslovskyi convent. Siveryansky litopys, 5, 71-74. [In Ukrainian].
15. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire, since 1649. Collection 1. Vol. 16. From 1762 to 1765. (1830). St. Petersburg: In the printing house of the Second Branch of His Own Imperial Majesty's Chancery. [In Russian].
16. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire, since 1649. Collection 1. Vol. 44. Part 2. Book of states, part 3 and 4. (1830). St. Petersburg: In the printing house of the Second Branch of His Own Imperial Majesty's Chancery. [In Russian].
17. Polyantseva, A. (2016). Prerequisites for the secularization reform in the Russian Empire. Scientific journal of Kuban State Agrarian University, 118, 1-12. [In Russian].
18. Ratshin, A. (1852). A complete collection of historical information about all the monasteries and notable churches in Russia that were in antiquity and now exist. Moscow: University Press. [In Russian].
19. Sokhan, S. (2009). Kyiv Theological and Jordanian convets of the 16th – 18th centuries: plexus of the valleys in the historical space. Manuscript and Book Heritage of Ukraine, 13, 79-98. [In Ukrainian].
20. Ternovsky, F. (1882). Superfluous Malorussian monks of the 18th century, what qualities they were and how they lived out their days. Kyiv Antiquity, 5, 329-334. [In Russian].
21. Filaret (Gumilevsky). (1874). Historical and statistical description of the Chernigov diocese. Book 4-5. Provincial city of Chernigov. Counties: Chernigov, Kozeletsky, Surazhsky, Krolevetsky and Ostersky. Chernigov: Chernigov zemstvo printing house. [In Russian]