M. Kazmyrchuk, Dr. Habil. (History), Professor
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.149.5
DISTILLATION IN KYIV GOVERNORATE AT THE END OF THE 19th - THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY
The attention of the author is focused on the problem of the development of distillation production in Kyiv Governorate at the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century. The legal foundations regulating the activities in this sphere of the noble entrepreneurship are considered. Distilling provided significant profits to private owners and consistently high contributions to the state. It fueled the system of local suppliers of raw materials and helped orient local farms to service distilleries. On the basis of archival materials and cases it is proved that distillation remained an extremely profitable kind of economic activity not only among nobles, but also among different society class at the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century. Distilleries were kept the bourgeoisie and wealthy peasants. A significant percentage of the owners were Jews, as well as Russians and Ukrainians in terms of ethnic composition. The article deals with the social problems in the development of distillation in Kyiv Governorate in addition to economic problems at the period after reforms. The specifics of distillation, sources of raw materials and social position of workers are described in Kyiv Governorate. Kyiv Governorate’s distillery became a progressive type of processing industry at that time - the vast majority of distilleries were located in stone buildings, had various devices and equipment perfect for that time, used self-employed workers in the enterprise. Despite significant savings in labor, the distillery owners neglected to work safely, which remained at a low level.
Key words: distillation production; alcohol distilling; Kyiv Governorate, processing industry, nobleman, workers.
Submitted: 20.04.2021
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