Requirements

Editorial Board

Contacts

A. Rukkas, PhD in History, Assistant Professor

ORCID: 0000-0002-6481-6194

S. Humennyi, PhD Student

ORCID: 0000-0001-7168-8453

Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.144.9


THE FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURES OF THE WEST UKRAINIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC (ZUNR) IN TERNOPIL REGION IN 1918

The article deals with the peculiar features of the formation, legitimization and development of administrative, judicial and military structures of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZUNR) in the territory of the southern and central parts of the modern Ternopil region in November – December 1918. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the transfer of power by the Austrian administration to the Ukrainian side in the city of Tarnopol (modern Ternopil) – this example is important because, unlike in Lviv, the city mostly managed to preserve the peaceful coexistence of Ukrainian, Polish and Jewish people during the revolutionary events. The study also examines the formation of local administrative structures and law enforcement agencies, such as the Zbarazh, Chortkiv and Berezhany counties, in the context of significant militarization of society, and the deployment of the Ukrainian‑Polish war in Eastern Galicia in 1918–1919.

An analysis of the formation of the ZUNR structures in the Ternopil region, in November – December 1918, makes it possible to observe state-building processes in rural areas, at the level of counties and one of the largest cities of Galicia – Tarnopol. Thus, attention is drawn to such issues on the history of ZUNR, which are virtually absent in contemporary Ukrainian and Polish historiography. Studying the creation of administrative structures, the article examines the attitude of the local Polish and Jewish population to building a local national administrative apparatus by the Ukrainians. The cases of involvement of representatives of other peoples who inhabited the territory of Ternopil region to the power vertical of the Western Ukrainian state were emphasized.

Key words: Eastern Galicia, ZUNR, Tarnopol, Zbarazh, Chortkiv. county, district, Ukrainian‑Polish war of 1918–1919.

Received by the editorial board: 30.01.2020

Download Full Text

References:

1. Central State Archive of the Supreme Power and Administration of Ukraine, fund 2188, list 4, file 16, sheet 2.

2. Central State Archive of the Supreme Power and Administration of Ukraine, fund 3505, list 1, file 35, sheets 169-169reverse. [In Ukrainian]

3. Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv, fund 581, list 1, file 96, sheets 20-21. [In Ukrainian]

4. Centralne Archiwum Wojskowe (CAW), I. 400.2322/5. Mjr. dypl. Tadeusz Zakrzewski, Związek Wojskowych Polaków Okręgu Odeskiego i formowanie kompanii polskich w Odessie. [In Polish]

5. Kania, L. (2006). Ochrona porządku prawnego i bezpieczeństwa publicznego podczas obrony Lwowa (listopad 1918 – marzec 1919). Studia Lubuskie: prace Instytutu Prawa i Administracji PWSZ w Sulechowie, 2, 293-310. [In Polish]

6. Kozlowski M. (1990). Między Sanem a Zbruczem. Walki o Lwow i Galicje Wschodnia 1918-1919. Kraków: Znak. [In Polish]

7. Łukomski, G. & Polak, B. & Wrzosek M. (1990). Wojna polsko-bolszewicka 1919–1920. Działania bojowe. Kalendarium, t. 1 (1 stycznia 1919 – 29 lutego 1920 r.). Koszalin: Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska w Koszalinie. [In Polish]

8. Mączyński, C. (1921). Boje lwowskie (1-24 listopada 1918 roku). T. 2. Warszawa: nakł. Spółki Wyd. Rzeczpospolita. [In Polish]

9. Misiło, E. (1987). Prasa Zachodnio-Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej: zarys bibliograficzny. Kwartalnik Historii Prasy Polskiej, 26/2, 53-76. [In Polish]

10. Monitor Polski. (1918, November 2). Nr. 191. S. 1. [In Polish]

11. Piotrowski, T. (1990). Poland’s Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in Second Republic, 1918-1947. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.

12. Pobóg-Malinowski, W. (1990). Najnowsza historia polityczna Polski. T. 2: 1914-1939. Gdańsk: Graf. [In Polish]

13. Rubacha, J. (2012). Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919. Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski, 3, 171-189. [In Polish]

14. Bierzanek, R. & Kukulka, J. (Red.). (1968). Sprawy polskie na Konferencji Pokojowej w Paryzu w 1919 r.: dokumenty i materialy. T. 3. Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. [In Polish]

15. Oath of Ukrainian Troops of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic. (1918, November 13). Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna im. Hieronima Łopacińskiego w Lublinie, Sugn. IA5f (47) T. [In Polish]

16. Wrzosek, M. (1988). Wojsko Polskie i operacje wojenne lat 1918-1921. Białystok: Dział Wydawn. Filii UW w Białymstoku. [In Polish]

17. Zaks, Z. (1969). Walka dyplomatyczna o naftę wschódniogalicyjską 1918-1923. Z dziejów stosunków polsko-radzieckich. Studia i materialy, 4, 44-45. [In Polish]

18. Żurawski, P. (2017). Sprawa ukraińska na konferencji pokojowej w Paryżu w roku 1919. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper. [In Polish]

19. Brytskyi, P. (2009). Bukovynian General Antin Kravs in the Struggle for Ukrainian Statehood. Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Consciousness, Statehood, 18, 496-506. [In Ukrainian]

20. Hamuliak, V. (1992). Ternopil in the Struggle for Statehood. In B. Melnychuk, B. Pronyk (Eds.), Ternopil: A View through the Ages. History of the City through the Eyes of Emigrants. Ternopil: [s. n.]. Pp. 52-64. [In Ukrainian]

21. Hamuliak, V. (1983). Ternopil in the Struggle for Statehood. In R. Mykolaievych et al. (Eds.), On the Ways of the Golden Podillya: Ternopil and Skalat Regions. Regional Historical and Memoir Collection. Vol. 3. Philadelphia: [s. n.]. Pp. 80-97. [In Ukrainian]

22. Hirniak, N. (1938). At the Head of Ternopil Military District during 48 days. Chronicle of Red Kalуna, 9, 13-15. [In Ukrainian]

23. Hirniak, N. (1983). At the Head of Ternopil Military District during 48 days. In S. Konrad (Ed.), On the Ways of the Golden Podillya. Regional Historical and Memoir Collection of Ternopil Region. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Committee of Ternopil Region Publishing. Pp. 185-194. [In Ukrainian]

24. Holovinskyi, V. (1980). November days in Pidhaitsi. Pidhaitsi Region. In V. Kolodchyn (Ed.), Historical and Memoir Collection. Pidhaitsi Region. New York: Chief Committee of Pidhaitsi People. P. 277. [In Ukrainian]

25. Voice of Podillia. (1918). Part 5 (1-2). [In Ukrainian]

26. Holubko, V. & Rutar, V. (2013). “Knights Legend” of November 1918 Battles for Lviv. Military Scientific Bulletin, 19, 24-41. [In Ukrainian]

27. Hutsal, P. (2017). November Revolt in Ternopil. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Ternopil and Ternopil region in the History and Culture of Ukraine and the World (from Ancient Times to the Present)”. Ternopil: Vector. [In Ukrainian]

28. Hutsal, P. (2006). Council of State Secretaries of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Ternopil (November – December 1918). Scientific Issues Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: History, 3, 37-44. [In Ukrainian]

29. Hutsal, P. (2016). Ternopil during the Period of Western Ukrainian People’s Republic (1918-1919). In U. Guglevych-Vanchura (Ed.), Ternopil: Historical Scetches. Ternopil: Dzhura. [In Ukrainian]

30. Hutsuliak, M. (1993). First November of 1918 in the Western lands of Ukraine with Memoirs and Biographies of Members of the Committee of Performers of the November Revolt. Kyiv: Lybid. [In Ukrainian]

31. Dashkevych, Ya. (2000). Western Ukrainian People’s Republic: Positive and Negative Experience. Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Consciousness, Statehood, 6, 355-360. [In Ukrainian]

32. Isaievych, Ya. (2008). Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In V. Smolii (Ed.), Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. Vol. 5. Kyiv: Scientific Thought. P. 172. [In Ukrainian]

33. Karmanskyi, P. (1919). From Kyiv. Ukrainian Voice. Tarnopil, 13. [In Ukrainian]

34. Kondratiuk, K. (2009). Controversial Issues of the History of Western Ukrainian People’s Republic. Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Consciousness, Statehood, 18, 710-716. [In Ukrainian]

35. Kupchynskyi, R. (1928). For the Native Land (from the Memories of the Liberation War). Calendar of the Ukrainian People’s Union for 1929. Jersey City, NJ: [s. n.]. [In Ukrainian]

36. Kurdydyk A. (1996). I Remember Ternopil of 1918-1919. Almanac of the Ukrainian People's Union, 86, 62-71. [In Ukrainian]

37. Lazarovych, M. (2010). Active Figures of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in the Ternopil Region. Independent Cultural Journal «Yi», 63, 78-90. [In Ukrainian]

38. Lanovyk, B. & Lazarovych, M. (2006). History of Ukraine: Handbook. Kyiv: Knowledge-Press. [In Ukrainian]

39. Lytvyn, M. & Naumenko, K. (1995). History of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic. Lviv: OLIR. [In Ukrainian]

40. Lytvyn, M. (1998). The Ukrainian‑Polish War of 1918-1919. Lviv: Institute for Ukrainian Studies. [In Ukrainian]

41. Lisna, I. (2001). The Formation of Ukrainian Statehood in Galicia (1918-1923). Ternopil: [s. n.]. [In Ukrainian]

42. Luchanko, H. (1992). Ternopil Citizens Guard Kyiv (Memory). In B. Melnychuk, B. Pronyk (Eds.), Ternopil: A View through the Ages. History of the City through the Eyes of Emigrants. Ternopil: [s.n.]. P. 74. [In Ukrainian]

43. Mazurenko, V. (2007). The Last Knight War in Europe. Military Historical Bulletin, 1, 123-138. [In Ukrainian]

44. Makarchuk, S. (1997). Ukrainian Republic of Galicians. Essays on the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic. Lviv: World. [In Ukrainian]

45. Mateiko, R. (2002). Galician Knights of Will. Ukrainian Liberation Struggle in the Ternopil Region of 1900-1920 in the Context of the History of Ukraine. Ternopil: Printer-Inform. [In Ukrainian]

46. Mykytiuk, D. (1960). Underground Law Enforcement Agencies of the Western Ukrainian Region of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. In D. Mykytiuk, Ukrainian Galician Army: on the Occasion of the 40th Anniversary of Her Participation in the Liberation Struggle of 1918-1920. Historical Materials. Winnipeg: [s. n.]. [In Ukrainian]

47. Monolatii, I. (n. d.). On the Nature of (Un)Revolutionary Movement in Eastern Galicia in 1918. Historians. http://www.historians.in.ua/index.php/en/dyskusiya/2537. [In Ukrainian]

48. Nazar, M. (2006). Andrii Muzychka: A Scientist and Patriot. In A. Vykhrushch (Ed.), Rehabilitated by History: The Book of Memory of the Zbarazh District. Ternopil: Zbruch. Pp. 33-34. [In Ukrainian]

49. Okarynskyi, V. (2009). “Ukrainian Eaglets”: Participation of Youth and Children in the Armed Struggle for independence of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic. Ukraine-Europe-World. The International Collection of Scientific Works. Series: History, International Relations, 2, 99-106. [In Ukrainian]

50. Okarynskyi, V. (2017). Ternopil: City, People, History (from Ancient Times to 1991). Ternopil: [s. n.]. [In Ukrainian]

51. Pavlyshyn, O. (1999). Organization of Civil Authority of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic in the Counties of Galicia (November – December 1918). Modern Ukraine, 2-3, 132-193. [In Ukrainian]

52. Word of Podillia (Newspaper of Ternopil District Council and Ternopil District State Administration). (2013). №45(5043). [In Ukrainian]

53. Sergeant School of the Undersecretary’s Regiment of Galician Army. (1968). In Ukrainian Galician Army: Historical Materials. Vol. 4. Winnipeg: [s. n.]. P. 271. [In Ukrainian]

54. Stetsyshyn, O. (2012). Mercenaries of the Galician Army. Lviv: Magazine. [In Ukrainian].

55. The Whole Land is with Us. Zalishchyky. (1918, November 29). Ukrainian Word, 262, 3. [In Ukrainian]

56. Yuzych, Yu. (2018, November 1). Against the “Eagles”. Ukrainian Children – Heroes of the November Revolt. Historical Truth. http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2018/11/1/153194/. [In Ukrainian]